Vol. 76 (2) 2024
ARTICLES
Use of X-ray Microtomography to Detect Lead-shot Microparticles in Earthworms Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758 (Clitellata: Lumbricidae)
Petar Stamberov1,* & Dragomir Tatchev2
More info
*1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry – Sofia, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria; E-mail: pstamberov@ltu.bg
2Institute of Physical Chemistry “Acad. Rostislaw Kaischew”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract
A pilot study using a non-destructive imaging technique to detect the presence of microparticles of lead shot in earthworms Lumbricus terrestris was carried out. Earthworms play a crucial role as inhabitants of soil communities, constituting a substantial portion of their biomass. They are regarded as valuable indicators providing insights into the functional status of soils and the deposition of heavy metals. The differentiation of lead-shot microparticles from other metallic or organic particles was achieved using high-resolution X-ray computed microtomography. Applying this method allowed the reconstruction of the internal structure of the samples without compromising their integrity.
Key words
earthworms, X-ray computed microtomography, shooting range, lead shots
How to Cite
Stamberov P. & Tatchev D. 2024. Use of X-ray Microtomography to Detect Lead-shot Microparticles in Earthworms Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758 (Clitellata: Lumbricidae). Acta zoologica bulgarica 76 (2) 207-214.
References
- Balseiro-Romero M., Mazurier A., Monoshyn D., Baveye P. C. & Clause J. 2020. Using X-ray microtomography to characterize the burrowing behaviour of earthworms in heterogeneously polluted soils. Pedobiology (Jena) 83: 150671. DOI: 10.1016/j.pedobi.2020.150671
- Booth L., Palasz F., Darling C., Lanno R. & Wickstrom M. 2003. The effect of lead-contaminated soil from Canadian prairie skeet ranges on the neutral red retention assay and fecundity in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22: 2446–2453.
- Chantler C. T. 1995. Theoretical form factor, attenuation and scattering tabulation for Z=1-92 from E=1-10 eV to E=0.4-1.0 MeV. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 24: 71.
- Chantler C. T. 2000. Detailed tabulation of atomic form factors, photoelectric absorption and scattering cross section, and mass attenuation coefficients in the vicinity of absorption edges in the soft x-ray (Z = 30-36, Z = 60-89, E = 0.1 keV-10 keV), addressing convergence issues of earlier work. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 29 (4): 597–1048.
- Chantler C. T., Olsen K., Dragoset R. A., Chang J., Kishore A. R., Kotochigova S. A. & Zucker D. S. 2005. NIST X-ray form factor, attenuation, and scattering database (cont.): Detailed tabulation of atomic form factors, photoelectric absorption and scattering cross section, and mass attenuation coefficients for Z = 1-92 from E = 1-10 eV to E = 0.4-1.0 MeV. NIST, Physical Measurement Laboratory https://www.nist.gov/pml/x-ray-form-factor-attenuation-and-scattering-tables
- Darling C. & T. Thomas V. G. 2005. Lead bioaccumulation in earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris, from exposure to lead compounds of differing solubility. Science of the Total Environment 346: 70–80.
- Edwards C. A. 2004. The importance of earthworms as key representatives of soil fauna. In: Edwards C. A. (Ed.): Earthworm Ecology. Boca Raton, Florida, USA 2: 3–11.
- Fernández R., Kvist S., Lenihan J., Giribet G. & Ziegler A. 2014. Sine Systemate Chaos? A versatile tool for earthworm taxonomy: non-destructive imaging of freshly fixed and museum specimens using micro-computed tomography. PLoS ONE 9 (5): e96617. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096617
- Gish C. D. & Christensen R. E. 1973. Cadmium, nickel, lead, and zinc in earthworms from roadside soil. Environmental Science Technology 7: 1060–1062.
- Hui C. A. 2002. Lead distribution throughout soil, flora and invertebrate at a wetland skeet range. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 65: 1093–1107.
- Ilieva R., Venelinov M., Stamberov P. & Ahmedova G. 2017. Lead pollution in the Shooting Area „Loven Park – Sofia”. Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Ecology 51 (2): 38–43.
- Ireland M. P. 1977. Lead retention in toads (Xenopus laevis) fed increasing levels of lead-contaminated earthworms. Environmental Pollution 12: 85–92.
- Labare M. P., Butkus M. A., Riegner D., Schommer N. & Atkinson J. 2004. Evaluation of lead movement from the abiotic to biotic at a small-arms firing range. Environmental Geology 46: 750–754.
- Ma W. C. 1982. The influence of soil properties and worm related factors on the concentration of heavy metals in earthworms. Pedobiologia 24: 109–119.
- Perroy R. L., Belby C. S. & Mertens C. J. 2014. Mapping and modeling three-dimensional lead contamination in the wetland sediments of a former trap-shooting range, Science of the Total Environment 487: 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.102
- Saxe J. K., Impellitteri A. Peijneneburg W. J. G. M. & Allen H. E. 2001. Novel model describing trace metal concentrations in earthworm Eisenia andrei. Environmental Science and Technology 39: 7176–7814.
- Sizmur T. & Hodson M. E. 2009. Do earthworms impact metal mobility and availability in soil? – A review. Environmental Pollution 157 (7): 1981–1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.029
- Spurgeon D. J. & Hopkin S. P. 1999. Comparisons of metal accumulation and excretion kinetics in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to contaminated field and laboratory soils. Applied Soil Ecology 11: 227–243.
- Vyas N. B., Spann J. W., Heinz G. H., Beyer W. N., Jaquette J. A. & Mengelkoch J. М 2000. Lead poisoning of passerines at a trap and skeet range. Environmental Pollution 107 (1): 159–166.


