Vol. 77 (2) 2025

ARTICLES

Biochemical Responses of Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) against Cadmium

Ahmet Bedrettin Alişer1, Rahmi Aydin2* & Osman Serdar1

More info

1Faculty of Fisheries, Munzur University, Tunceli, Türkiye, E-mails: ahmet.b.aliser@gmail.com; osmserdar@gmail.com
*2Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Türkiye; E-mail: raydin@munzur.edu.tr

https://doi.org/10.71424/azb77.2.002790

PDF

Abstract

The biochemical reactions of zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) exposed to different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) in the acute period (24 and 96 hours after treatment) were studied. Four variants of experimental treatment were examined: 0 μg/L Cd (control), 10 μg/L Cd, 20 μg/L Cd and 40 μg/L Cd. Changes in the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined using ELISA kits. In D. polymorpha exposed to the three experimental concentrations of cadmium, there was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in SOD enzyme activity with increasing concentration or exposure times. No change was observed in CAT enzyme activity with increasing concentrations. The decrease in the activity depending on the exposure times was not statistically significant (p>0.05). As for GPx enzyme activity, a significant increase was detected after Cd application compared to the control (p<0.05). TBARS and GSH levels increased significantly in all Cd application groups compared to the control at 24 and 96 hours. The effects of different concentrations of Cd on D. polymorpha in the acute period were associated with changes in SOD, CAT, GPx enzyme activities. TBARS and GSH levels were effective parameters in determining the oxidative damage caused by Cd.

Key words

Dreissena polymorpha, Cadmium, Antioxidant, Oxidative stress, Biomarker

How to Cite
Alişer A.B., Aydin R. & Serdar O. 2025. Biochemical Responses of Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) against Cadmium. Acta zoologica bulgarica 77 (2): 199-207.

References

  1. Asri F. Ö., Sönmez S. & Çıtak S. 2007. Kadmiyumun çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri. Derim 24 (1): 32-39.
  2. Atamanalp M. & Yanık T. 2003. Salmonidlerde yapılan toksikolojik çalışmalar. Atatürk Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg 34 (1): 105-110.
  3. Bainy A. C. D., Arisi A. C. M., Azzalis L. A., Simizu K., Barros S. B. M., Videla L. A. & Junqueira V. B. C. 1993. Differential effects of short‐term lindane administration on parameters related to oxidative stress in rat liver and erythrocytes. Journal of Biochemical Toxicology 8 (4):187-194.
  4. Ballesteros M. L., Wunderlin D. A. & Bistoni M. A. 2009. Oxidative stress responses in different organs of Jenynsia multidentata exposed to endosulfan. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 72 (1): 199-205.
  5. Batmaz G. 2019. Zinc pyrıthıone’un iki tür tatlı su bivalvi üzerine ekotoksikolojik etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı. Ankara. 73 s.
  6. Bobat A., Hengirmen O. M. & Zaplethal W. 2001. Tatlısu Ekosisteminde Teknik, Ekonomik ve Ekolojik bir Zararlı: Zebra Midye. Kırsal Çevre Yıllığı 112-127.
  7. Chandran R., Sivakumar A. A., Mohandass S. & Aruchami M. 2005. Effect of cadmium and zinc on antioxidant enzyme activity in the gastropod, Achatina fulica. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Series C. 140 (3-4): 422-426.
  8. Chelikani P., Fita I. & Loewen P. C. 2004. Diversity of structures and properties among catalases. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 61 (2): 192-208.
  9. Cheung C. C. C., Zheng G. J., Li A. M. Y., Richardson B. J., Lam P. K. S. 2001. Relationships between tissue concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and antioxidative responses of marine mussels, Perna viridis. Aquatic Toxicology 52 (34): 189-203.
  10. Cope W. G., Wiener J., Steingraeber M. T. & Atchison G. J. 1994. Cadmium, metal-binding proteins, and growth in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) exposed to contaminated sediments from the upper Mississippi River basin. Canadian Journal of Fish and Aquatic Science 51: 1356-1367.
  11. Dimitrova M. S., Tishinova V. & Velcheva V. 1994. Combined effect of zinc and lead on the hepatic superoxide dismutase-catalase system in carp (Cyprinus carpio). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology 108 (1): 43-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/1367-8280(94)90087-6
  12. Dorval J. & Hontela A. 2003. Role of glutathione redox cycle and catalase in defense against oxidative stress induced by endosulfan in adrenocortical cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 192 (2): 191-200.
  13. Duffus J. H. 1980. Environmental toxicology. London: Edward Arnold, 164 p.
  14. Duman F. & Kar M. 2015. Evaluation of effects of exposure conditions on the biological responses of Gammarus pulex exposed to cadmium. International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 12: 437-444.
  15. Escobar J. A., Rubio M. A. & Lissi E. A. 1996. SOD and catalase inactivation by singlet oxygen and peroxyl radicals. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 20 (3): 285-290.
  16. Faggio C., Tsarpali V. & Dailanis S. 2018. Mussel digestive gland as a model tissue for assessing xenobiotics: An overview. Science of the Total Environment 636: 220-229.
  17. Felten V., Charmantier G., Mons R., Geffard A., Rousselle P., Coquery M., Garric J. & Geffard O. 2008. Physiological and behavioural responses of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exposed to cadmium. Aquatic Toxicology 86 (3): 413-425.
  18. Gamble S. C., Goldfarb P. S., Porte C. & Livingstone D. R. 1995. Glutathione peroxidase and other antioxidant enzyme function in marine invertebrates (Mytilus edulis, Pecten maximus, Carcinus maenas and Asterias rubens). Marine Environmental Research 39 (1-4): 191-195.
  19. Glass M., Sutherland M. W., Forman H. J. & Fisher A. B. 1985. Selenium deficiency potentiates paraquat-induced lipid peroxidation in isolated perfused rat lung. Journal of Applied Physiology 59 (2): 619-622.
  20. Glusczak L., dos Santos Miron D., Moraes B. S., Simões R. R., Schetinger M. R. C., Morsch V. M. & Loro V. L. 2007. Acute effects of glyphosate herbicide on metabolic and enzymatic parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Series C 146 (4): 519-524.
  21. Hwang C., Sinskey A. J. & Lodish H. F. 1992. Oxidized redox state of glutathione in the endoplasmic reticulum. Science 57: 1496-1502.
  22. Kalaycı Ö. A., Cömert F. B., Hazer B., Atalay T., Cavicchi K. A. & Cakmak M. 2010. Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of metal nanoparticles embedded into amphiphilic comb-type graft copolymers. Polymer Bulletin 65: 215-226.
  23. Kappus H. 1985. Lipid peroxidation: mechanisms, analysis, enzymology and biological relevance. Oxidative Stress, pp. 273-310.
  24. Karataş M. 2005. Balık biyolojisi araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları, 498 p.
  25. Katalay S. & Parlak H. 2002. Su kirliliğinin, Gobius niger Linn., 1758 (Pisces: Gobiidae)’in kan parametreleri üzerine etkileri. E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi 19 (12): 115-121.
  26. Kohen R. & Nyska A. 2002. Oxidation of biological systems: oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods of their quantification. Toxicological Pathology 30 (6): 620-650.
  27. Kono Y. & Fridovich I. 1982. Inhibition of catalase by superoxide radicals. Journal of Biological Chemistry 257: 5751-5754.
  28. Kutlu M. & Susuz F. 2004. Effects of lead as an environmental pollutant on EROD enzyme in Gammarus pulex (L.) (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 72(4): 750-755.
  29. Nishiyama Y., Ikeda H., Haramaki N., Yoshida N. & Imaizume T. 1998. Oxidative stress is related to exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure. American Heart Journal 135: 115-120.
  30. Novelli E. L., Vieira E. P., Rodrigues N. L. & Ribas B. O. 1998. Risk assessment of cadmium toxicity on hepatic and renal tissues of rats. Environmental Research 79 (2): 102-105.
  31. Nriagu J. O., Wong H. K., Lawson G. & Daniel P. 1998. Saturation of ecosystems with toxic metals in Sudbury basin, Ontario, Canada. Science of the Total Environment 233: 99-117.
  32. Pandey S., Parvez S., Ansari R. A., Ali M., Kaur M., Hayat F., Ahmad F. & Raisuddin S. 2008. Effects of exposure to multiple trace metals on biochemical, histological and ultrastructural features of gills of a freshwater fish, Channa punctata Bloch. Chemico-Biological Interactions 174 (3): 183-192.
  33. Phillips D. J. H. 1980. Quantitative aquatic biological indicators. London: Applied Science Publishers, Pollution Monitoring Series.
  34. Rajeshkumar S., Mini J. & Munuswamy N. 2013. Effects of heavy metals on antioxidants and expression of HSP70 in different tissues of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) of Kaattuppalli Island, Chennai, India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 98: 8-18.
  35. Regoli F., Nigro M. & Orlando E. 1998. Lysosomal and antioxidant responses to metals in the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki. Aquatic Toxicology 40 (4): 375-392.
  36. Regoli F., Frenzilli G., Bocchetti R., Annarumma F., Scarcelli V., Fattorini D. & Nigro M. 2004. Time-course variations of oxyradical metabolism, DNA integrity and lysosomal stability in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, during a field translocation experiment. Aquatic Toxicology 68 (2): 167-178.
  37. Ryter S. W., Kim H. P., Hoetzel A., Park J. W., Nakahira K., Wang X. & Choi A. M. 2007. Mechanism of cell death in oxidative stress. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 9 (1): 49-89.
  38. Serdar O. 2021. Determination of the effect of cyfluthrin pesticide on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) by Some Antioxidant Enzyme Activities. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 6 (1): 77-83.
  39. Serdar O., Yildirim N. C., Tatar S., Yildirim N. & Ogedey A. 2018. Antioxidant biomarkers in Gammarus pulex to evaluate the efficiency of electrocoagulation process in landfill leachate treatment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25: 12538-12544.
  40. Serdar O., Yıldırım N.C., Tatar Ş. & Yıldırım N. 2019. Kurşuna Maruz Bırakılan Gammarus pulex’de Antioksidan Enzim Yanıtları. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 4 (2): 216-220.
  41. Serdar O., Aydin R. & Çalta M. 2021. Determination of some biochemical parameters changes in Gammarus pulex exposed to Cadmium at different temperature and different concentration. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research 7 (1): 69-76.
  42. Shen H. M. & Sangiah S. 1995. Na+, K+-ATPase, glutathione and hydroxyl free radicals in cadmium chloride-induced testicular toxicity in mice. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 29: 174-179.
  43. Sies H. 1999. Glutathione and its role in cellular functions. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 27 (9-10): 916-921.
  44. Sobjak T. M., Romão S., do Nascimento C. Z., dos Santos A. F. P., Vogel L. & Guimarães A. T. B. 2017. Assessment of the oxidative and neurotoxic effects of glyphosate pesticide on the larvae of Rhamdia quelen fish. Chemosphere 182: 267-275.
  45. Sümbüloğlu K. and Sümbüloğlu V. 1998. Biostatistics. Ankara, Hatiboğlu Yayınevi, pp. 76-86.
  46. Stohs S. J. & Bagchi D. 1995. Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 18 (2): 321-336.
  47. Tatar Ş., Cikcikoglu Yildirim N., Serdar O., Yildirim N. & Ogedey A. 2018. The using of Gammarus pulex as a biomonitor in ecological risk assessment of secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant in Tunceli, Turkey. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 24 (3): 819-829.
  48. Tsangaris C., Papathanasiou E., Cotou E. 2007. Assessment of the impact of heavy metal pollution from a ferronickel smelting plant using biomarkers. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 66 (2): 232-243.
  49. Tunca H. 2017. Bazı Pestisitlerin Arthrospira platensis M2 Alginin Gelişimi ve Antioksidan Parametreler Üzerine Etkisi. Sakarya Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  50. Tutuş R. 2016. Oreochromis Niloticus’un Karaciğer Dokusundaki Antioksidan Sistemler ve Lipid Peroksidasyonu Üzerine Chlorpyrifos, Emamectin Benzoate ve Abamectin Türü Pestisitlerin Etkileri. Adıyaman Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı.
  51. UNEP 1993. Guidelines for monitoring chemical contaminants in the sea using marine organisms, reference method for marine pollution studies.
  52. Valko M., Rhodes C. J., Moncol J., Izakovic M. & Mazur M. 2006. Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress induced cancer. Chemico-Biological Interactions 160 (1): 1-40.
  53. Vutukuru S. S., Chintada S., Radha Madhavi K., Venkateswara Rao J. & Anjaneyulu Y. 2006. Acute effects of copper on superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation in the freshwater teleost fish, Esomus danricus. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 32: 221-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-006-9004-x
  54. Wang M. & Wang G. 2010. Oxidative damage effects in the copepod Tigriopus japonicus Mori experimentally exposed to nickel. Ecotoxicology 19 (2): 273-284.
  55. Zhang Y., Sun G., Yang M., Wu H., Zhang J., Song S., Ma E. & Guo Y. 2011. Chronic accumulation of cadmium and its effects on antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde in Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 74(5): 1355-1362.